Carburetor



Jan. 23,1934. I J VOGEL 1,944,309

CARBURETOR Filed Sept. 12, 1930 3 Sheets-Sheet l INVENTOR. x/OJEF 1/0651.

A TTORNEYS.

Jan. 23, 1934. J, VQGEL 1,944,309

CARBURETOR Filed Sept. 12, 1950 3 Sheets-Sheet 3 p 7 QB EZDO 45 25 IN V EN TOR. JSEF 1 0654 7 and A TTORNEYS.

Patented Jan. 23, 1934 PATENT: OFFICE CARBURETOR Josef Vogel, San Francisco, Calif.

Application September 12, 1930 Serial No. 481,530

18 Claims.

The present invention relates to improvements in carburetors, and its principal object is to provide a carburetor that is practically capable of universal use in connection with various types of engines and that may be readily used as updraft or down-draft or horizontal-draf t carburetor, or in fact may be readily adjusted to any desired angularity of draft.

More particularly it is proposed to provide a carburetor in two sections, one section comprising the fuel receptacle usually referred to as float chamber, and the other section comprising the suction housing, and the two sections being joined together with freedom of angular adjustability.

It is further proposed in the present invention to provide a nozzle of novel construction, particularly adapted to finely atomize the fuel as the same mixes with the air.

It is further proposed to provide a carburetor in which air is mixed into the fuel in several stages in such a manner that the fuel has a desired amount of air incorporated therein before it reaches the nozzle.

It is further proposed to arrange at least one of the auxiliary air intakes in such a manner that it is subject to the control by the conventional throttle valve so that when the throttle valve is opened fully it eliminates the auxiliary air supply and thereby insures a richer mixture at maximum loads. 2

It is further proposed to provide a carburetor in which in addition to the conventional charge forming device an additional charge former is installed which serves to supply the engine at idling speeds at a considerable saving of fuel.

It is further proposed to provide a novel form of throttle valve, and to arrange the same relative to the atomizing nozzle in such a manner that the operation of the valve co-acts with the particular shape of nozzle evolved by me to insure improved results.

Further objects and advantages of my invention will appear as the specification proceeds.

The preferred form of my invention is illustrated in the accompanying drawings, in which Figure 1 shows a side elevation of my carburetor;

Figure 2 a top plan view of the same;

Figure 3 a vertical section taken along line 3-3 of Figure 2;

Figure 4 a transverse vertical section taken along line 4-4, of Figure 3;

Figure 5 a transverse vertical section taken along line 5-5 of Figure 3;

Figure 6 a side elevation corresponding to that of Figure 1 with one section of the carburetor turned through an angle of 180 degrees;

Figure '7 a detail View, partly in section, of my improved nozzle;

Figure 8 a section taken along line 8--8 of Figure '7;

Figure 9 a detail view of a tubular member I forming part of an auxiliary mixing element; and

Figure 10 a section taken along line 1010 of Figure 9.

While I have shown only the preferred form of the invention, I wish to have it understood that various changes or modifications may be made within the scope of the claims hereto at- 7 0 tached without departing from the spirit of the invention.

Referring to the drawings in detail, and particularly to Figure 3, it will be seen that my carburetor consists of two principal sections, one 75, of which may be referred to as the float chamber 1, and the other as the suction housing 2. 1 These two sections present registering annular surfaces at 4 and and are joined together by means of a hollow bolt 6 extending from the 8,0, float'chamber into a perforation '7 in the suction housing, while a nut 8 is used for tightening the suction housing upon the float chamber, a suitable gasket 9 being preferably interposed between the two confronting faces.. It will be 85. noted that this arrangement allows the suction housing to be fastened to'the fioat chamber at any angle desired, the suction housing being turned for instance in the illustration of Figure 6, through an angle of 180 degrees.

The float chamber 1 is provided with fuel admitting means of conventional character including a fuel pipe 11, a strainer 12, and a needle valve 13, which latter is controlled by the float 14.

For guiding the fuel from the float chamber 5 to the nozzle, I provide a horizontal passage 15 in the bottom of the float chamber (see Figure i) and a port 16 leading to the passage with a needle valve 17 controlling the flow of fuel. The needle valve is made hollow as shown at 18, and 1 0 is manipulated by a head 19 extending above the top 20 of the float chamber, and threaded thereinto. The head itself is used as an auxiliary air valve, and has for this purpose a screw 21 with a tapered point .22 threaded thereinto, a spring 23 holding the screw in adjusted position, and the screw being formed with a central bore 24 through which air may be admitted when the point of the screw is lifted from its seat shown at 25.

The horizontal passage 15 leads to a vertical passage or mixing chamber 26, which latter communicates with the hollow bolt 6 previously referred to, so that the fuel reaches the nozzle 27 in the suction housing through the hollow bolt. The vertical passage 26 is referred to as a mixing chamber because it is provided with an arrangement for further mixing air into the fuel. This arrangement comprises a slotted tube 28 threaded into the float chamber wall as shown at 29, and extending into the mixing chamber. The hollow tube 23 connects through a passage 30, with an annular groove 31 in the'face i of the float chamber or else in face 5 on the suction housing, and the latter groove registers with a passage 32 in the suction housing, this passage leading through a transverse passage 33 to a tube 34 terminating in an embossment 35 in the cap 36 for the suotionhousing. This conduit receives air through a small opening 3'7 andis controlled by a needle valve 38, which latter is operated by a pin 39 extending from the throttl e valve 40 in such a manner that when the throttle valve is wide open it closes the needle valve, and prevents air from entering into the mixing chamber 26. The needle valve 38 is provided with a spring 41 normally lifting the same from its seat, and the pin 39 operates the needle valve through a cushioning means 42 including a piston 43 and a spring 44. It will be seen that in this manner undernormal operating conditions an auxiliary air supply enters through the opening 37, the tube 34, the passages 33 and 32, the annular groove 31 and the passage 30 into the mixing chamber 26, to be incorporatedinto the fuel before the latter reaches the nozzle 27, and that this auxiliary supply of air is shut off whenthe throttle valve is wide open 2 for maximum loads.

The suction housingin its general aspects is of conventional character, and is adapted for connection to the intake pipe of an internal combustion engine by means of bolts passing through the threaded holes l5, and has a large central air passage 46. The nozzle 27 previously mentioned extends transversely through the air passage and is made in the form of a tube, the inner end of which is adapted for seating upon the outer end of the hollow bolt 6, the contacting faces preferably being tapered. The nozzle is made for insertion and removal by a mere sliding motion, and is held in place by a screw 47, the head of'which' seats in a recess in the head 48 of the nozzle, the latterhead being 55 formed with an annular groove 49 allowing of the insertion of a suitable tool for prying the nozzle away from its position for easy removal.

The nozzle consists of two tubes 50 and 51 arranged concentrically, the inner tube, which carries the head 43 being closed at its outer end as at 52, and being formed with one or more annular grooves 53 in its outer surface, and having one or more longitudinal slots 54 leading to f said grooves from the inside thereof. The outer inner tube is preferably made so as to decrease is in diameter from its outer end to its inner end,

either conically or through a series of steps indicated at 56.

The nozzle 27 is preferably mounted near one end of the main suction passage and the suction housing is enlarged on the suction side of the passage to form a transverse cylinder 57, adapted to have the throttle valve 40 mounted therein with freedom of turning movement. The throttle valve is of cylindrical form and is provided with two large openings 58 and 59 in the wall thereof, the active area of the suction passage depending upon the position of the opening 58 relative to the nozzle 27. To protect the throttle valve and the interior of the suction housing from dust and impurities, I provide an inner lining comprising two tubes 69 and 61 adapted for insertion into the suction housing from opposite ends and formed to fit against the inner and outer faces of the valve 40 so as to insure smooth operation of the latter. These two tubes apart from their character as protecting lining, provide a smooth passage for the air and prevent the forming of disturbing eddy currents. It will be noted that the tube 61 is tapered toward its outer end as shown at 62, and that the nozzle extends through openings in this tube at its smallest diameter so that air flows past the nozzle at increased speed. The tube 61 may be easily exchanged for a tube of different taper for a different type of motor. The tube 60 is longer than the tube 61 and extends through the opening 59 of the valve to bear against the inner face of the valve wall adjacent the opening 58. It is held in place by means of a set screw 63. The throttle valve is supported on trunnions 64 resting on bearings 6.5 in the suction housing, and has a pin 66 extending from one end face (see Figure 6) adapted to ride in a groove 67 with freedom of movement between one end 68 of the groove and the end of a set screw 69, the pin striking the end of the groove 68 when the valve is fully opened and the screw 69, when the valve approaches the closing position, so that the latter may be adjusted by manipulation of the screw 69.

The opposite face of the throttle valve carries the pin 39 previously referred to as controlling the needle valve 38 for shutting off the auxiliary air supply when the valve is wide open.

The operation of the carburetor thus far described is as follows: as negative pressure is created in the suction passage 46 through the operation of the engine, fuel is sucked past the needle valvel'? into the passage 15, the mixing chamber 26, the hollow bolt 6 and the nozzle 27. 'Air is admitted into the fuel through the needle valve 17 by proper positioning of the set screw 21 and a second supply of air is added in the mixing chamber 26 through the opening 37 in the cap 36 of the suction housing, the tube 34, the passages 33 and 32, the annular groove 31, the passage 30, and the tube 28 extending into the mixing chamber 26. .It will be noted that the first air supply may be regulated by operation of the set screw This auxiliary supply comprises several rows of alined nozzles.

this relative position is maintained throughout cating with the passage '70 as shown at 74. The passage connects through a horizontal passage '75 with an annular groove 76 formed in the face 5 of the suction housing, or in the face 4 on the float chamber, and a passage '77 leads from the groove upward into a horizontal port 78, which discharges into an annular groove 79 formed in the outer face of the tube 60, or in the suction housing 2 in corresponding location. This groove connects with the inside of the tube through a small port 80, preferably arranged diametrically opposite the port 78. Additional air may be admitted into this passage through the needle valve 81.

The advantages of my invention will be readily understood from the foregoing description. At normal speeds the fuel is mixed with air through the needle valve 21 and again in the mixing chamber 26 before it reaches the nozzle. The nozzle itself, by forcing the fuel mixture to leave through a tortuous path, namely the two non-registering slots in the inner and outer tubes respectively and the connecting grooves, serves to atomize the mixed fuel into a very fine state. The throttle is arranged relative to the tube so that the active tube area increases with the opening of the valve, while the under side of the nozzle is uncovered all the time so that air may be drawn through the nozzle into the mixture throughout the length of the slots and thus premixes a third time. The nozzle may be easily removed for cleaning or repairs. The entire suction housing may be adjusted to any position desired relative to the float chamber, which makes the carburetor adaptable to various shapes of engines, and which allows the garage or repair man to satisfy any demands made with only a few different sizes of carburetors in stock, irrespective of the make of the machine to be repaired. It stands to reason that where it may be desirable, as for instance, in airplane construction the two sections of the carburetor might be joined with freedom of universal adjustment.

It should also be observed that the tube 60 provides a clear, unobstructed path for the fuel mixture so that the latter does not meet any resistance after having passed the lower edge of the valve which is arranged immediately above the nozzle. This is of particular importance in I the case of a down-draft carburetor, since any obstacle in the way of the gases, such as for instance a butterfly valve or a second edge of a rotary valve, may cause some of the gases to condense thereon and cause irregular feeding.

While in the drawings I have shown a conventional carburetor with a single nozzle, it should be understood that a plurality of nozzles might be arranged in the suction housing either in parallel or in alined relation, or in batteries containing It will be observed by reference to Figure 3 that the nozzle is arranged in the suction housing to be somewhat above the fuel level in the float chamber indicated by the dotted line and that housing, means for fastening one to the other with freedom of angular adjustability, a nozzle in the suction housing, a conduit leading from the float chamber to the nozzle, a throttle valve in 'jthe suction housing for controlling the cross-sectional areathereof and means controllable by the throttle valve for admitting air into the cone duit.

2. In a carburetor, a float chamber, a suction housing, means for fastening one to the other with freedom of angular adjustability, a nozzle in the suction housing, a conduit leading from the float chamber to the nozzle, a throttle valve in the suction housing for controlling the cross-sectional area thereof, means for admitting air into the conduit in the float chamber housing and a control for the same operable by, the throttle valve.

3. In a carburetor, a float chamber, a suction housing, means for fastening one to the other with freedom of angular adjustability,a nozzle in the suction housing, a conduit leading from the float chamber to the nozzle and including a premixing compartment associated with the float chamber, a throttle valve in the suction housing for controlling the cross-sectional area thereof, an air conduit originating in the suction housing and leading into the premixing compartment and including a groove and a registering port at the joint between the float chamber and the suction housing to permit of adjustability, and a control for the air conduit operable by the throttle valve.

4. In a carburetor, a float chamber having a flat face and a hollow bolt extending from the flat face, a suction housing having a registering flat face and means for fastening the same upon the bolt at any desired angularity, a nozzle in the suction housing and connected to said bolt and a conduit leading through the hollow bolt from the float chamber to the nozzle.

5. In a carburetor, a float chamber, a suction housing fastened thereto, a nozzle in the suction housing, means for admitting fuel from the float chamber to the nozzle, a cylindrical throttle valve in the suction housing on the suction side of the same, a protective tube in the suction housing and extending into the valve and having an annular outer groove and a hole through which the groove communicates with the interior of the tube and an auxiliary conduit leading from the float chamber into said groove and having means for admitting air thereinto.

6. In a carburetor, a float chamber, a suction housing, means for fastening one to the other with freedom of angular adjustability including registering flat faces of the float chamber and the suction housing, a nozzle in the suction housing, means for admitting fuel from the float chamber to the nozzle, a throttle valve in the suction housing and an auxiliary conduit leading from the float chamber into the suction housing beyond the throttle and having means for admittingair thereinto and including a port and a groove in the registering flat faces to permit of adjustability.

'7. In a carburetor, a float chamber, a suction housing fastened thereto, and means for delivering fuel from the former into the latter including a needle valve in the float chamber for metering the fuel and means associated therewith for admitting air into the fuel at the opening controlled by the needle valve.

8. In a carburetor, a suction passage, a nozzle therein, means for admitting fuel into the nozzle, a cylindrical throttle valve mounted on a transverse axis in the passage and protecting tubes adapted for introduction into the suction passage from opposite ends one of said tubes bearing on the outside face of the valve and the other projecting through an openingin the valve so as to bear on the inside of the valve.

9. A nozzle of the character described, comprising a tube having'an external annular groove and a longitudinal slot leading to said groove and a second tube adapted to be telescoped on the first tube and having a longitudinal slot connecting with the groove.

' 10. A nozzle of the character'described, comprising a tube having an external annular groove and a longitudinal slot leading to said groove and a second tube adapted to be telescoped on the first tube and having a non-registering longitudinal slot communicating with the groove.

11. In a carburetor, a float chamber having a hollow bolt extending therefrom, a suction housing adapted to be fastened upon the bolt with freedom of angular adjustability and a tubular nozzle in the suction housing positioned to'seat against the end of the bolt. 7

12. A carburetor of the character described comprising two sections and means for fastening one to the other with freedom of angular adjustability without axial shifting and a tubular nozzle in the suction housing arranged concentrically with the axis on which the adjustment is eifected and a throttle valve adjacent the periphery of the nozzle. 7

13. A nozzle of the character described, comprising a tube having a closed end and decreasing internally in cross section toward said end and having an external annular groove and a longitudinal slot leading to said groove and a second tube adapted to be telescoped on the first tube ingnonregistering slots intersecting the groove and communicating therewith.

openedto the suction while on the opposite side the entire area remains subject to the contact with the passing air flow.

16. Ina carburetor of the character described, a suction housing, a nozzle transversely supported therein with freedom of lateral withdrawal, a cylindrical throttle valve revolvably mounted in the housing on the suction side of the nozzle and a tapered tube lining thehousing and supported by the nozzle and shaped at one end to fit against the cylindrical valve, the tube being removable upon withdrawal of the nozzle for exchangeability with a tube of different characteristics.

17. In acarburetor of the character described, a suction housing, a nozzle transversely supported therein and a drum valve revol'vable in the housing having an opening immediately adjacent the nozzle for uncovering a 'desired portion thereofand having a second opening on the opposite side and a tube inside the housing and extending through the second opening into contact with the drum Wall adjacent the first opening so as to form a clear unobstructed path for a mixture drawn through the housing.

18. In a carburetor of the character described,-

a suction housing, a nozzle supported transversely therein, a throttle valve arranged to uncover the nozzle beginning at one end'and proceeding along the length thereof and means operative independently of the throttle for admitting an auxiliary charge into the suction housing at a point in ad-- Vance of the throttle and substantially in longitudinal alinement with the first mentioned end of the nozzle.

' JOSEF VOGEL. 

